Industries​‍​‌‍​‍‌ that utilize networks to handle chemicals, steam, and abrasive liquids require that the components be capable of resisting heavy mechanical loads as well as temperature changes. The recent technical appraisal has been pointing to the fact that the pipe fittings, i.e., elbows, tees, reducers and stub ends made of the likes of ASTM A403 WP304, WP316 and the various duplex alloys, should be of the same wall thickness and their ovality be of a controlled nature so that the flow behaviour can be predictable. The majority of the SS Pipe Fittings Manufacturers have been progressively improving their hot-forming and solution-annealing operations, which in turn has led to the fittings being able to meet the ASME B16.9, MSS-SP standards in terms of their dimensions and corrosion resistance.

Such standards are the ones which pipeline designers take into account while referencing the system stresses that have been figured out, especially in those layouts that require resistance to high-cycle vibration and are also getting exposed to chlorides and acidic condensates. The perfection of the bevel angles, heat-affected zones, and NDT inspection can very well be the determining factors of the quality of the joint, in particular, those joints which are of high-pressure environments and governed by Class 300 to Class 900 ratings. Engineering contractors from all over Saudi Arabia are reporting a rise in the demand for such fittings that can be used with the advanced alloys like UNS S32205 and S32750, which are the ones that facilitate durability over a long period of time in desalination, refining and offshore operations.

With the fabrication standards getting stricter, the spotlight is now on the bolting materials which are playing a supportive role in this situation i.e. they hold the flanges that are subjected to loading by the thermal dynamics. The calling for the mechanical testing of the ones that make up the grades such as the ASTM A193 B7, B8M, and A194 2H i.e. the studs, nuts and washers, is very strict and it is to be done to ensure the clamping force is maintained at various service temperatures. The coordination between the piping specifications and the fastening hardware has become indispensable in ensuring leak-free performance, thus engagement with the main Fasteners Manufacturers is aimed at harmonizing the material grades, the coatings, and the tolerances for the most important industrial ​‍​‌‍​‍‌installations.